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♨️ SCIENCE · Japan explained · 2026-08-16

Why does Japan have so many hot springs? 111 active volcanoes, 27,000 onsen sources

Same news, rewritten for 6 Japanese school grades — pick your level below. Furigana + translation included.
156 chars · ~3 min · 19 kanji
♨️ SCIENCE 火山 かざん
Same sentence · 6 levels

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日本にほん は 世界せかい で 火山かざん が 多おおい 国くに です。

日本にほん の 下した で、海うみ の 地面じめん が 動うごいて います。

深ふかい ところ で 岩いわ が とけて、まわり を あつく します。

しみこんだ 雨水あまみず が その 岩いわ で 温あたためられます。

温あたたかい お湯ゆ は 上うえ に 流ながれて、地上ちじょう に 出で ます。

これ が おんせん で、二万七千にまんななせん も あります。

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Translation

Japan is one of the countries with the most volcanoes in the world.

Beneath Japan, the ground of the sea floor is on the move.

Far down below, rock melts and makes everything around it hot.

Rainwater that has soaked in is warmed by that same rock.

The warm water flows upward and comes out at the surface.

That is an onsen — Japan has some 27,000 of these sources.

Why does Japan have so many hot springs?

Japan has about 111 active volcanoes — roughly seven per cent of the world's total — and around 27,000 hot spring sources. Those two numbers are not a coincidence. They are the same fact, seen from above ground and from below it.

Japan sits where four tectonic plates meet. Oceanic plates slide beneath the continental plates at a few centimetres a year, dragging seawater down with them. At a depth of roughly one hundred kilometres, that water is squeezed out of the sinking rock. Water lowers the melting point of the hot rock it enters, so the mantle above the sinking slab begins to melt. The melt collects as magma, rises, and heats the rock layers near the surface.

Rainwater that has soaked into the ground meets that heat, warms up, and returns to the surface through cracks. That is an onsen. On the way up it dissolves iron, sulphur and other minerals, which is why the colour, smell and claimed benefits of the water differ from valley to valley. The same heat is a power source: Japan's underground heat reserve is said to be the third largest in the world.

This article comes in six versions, one for each Japanese school grade from 1 to 6, with furigana readings and full translations.

How many active volcanoes are there in Japan?

About 111, by the count the Japan Meteorological Agency maintains — around seven per cent of the active volcanoes on Earth, in a country with roughly 0.25 per cent of its land area. The best known is Mount Fuji at 3,776 metres, which is classed as active even though its last eruption was in 1707, roughly three hundred years ago. Being active does not mean erupting now; it means the volcano has erupted in the geologically recent past and could do so again.

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Why six school grades, and not N5–N1?

Because that is how Japanese children learn to read. Japan's Ministry of Education fixes exactly which character belongs to which grade — so "grade 3" is a boundary you can verify, not a feeling. Every article here is machine-checked: if a single character sits above its grade, it is not published.

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